Records by time | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Amaurobiidae | 0-1900 | 1901-1950 | 1951-2000 | 2001+ | ∑ |
Amaurobius erberi (Keyserling, 1863) Criticaly endangered | |||||
Amaurobius fenestralis (Ström, 1768) Not endangered | 4× | 14× | 550× | 106× | 674× |
Amaurobius ferox (Walckenaer, 1830) Not endangered | 1× | 2× | 47× | 23× | 73× |
Amaurobius jugorum L. Koch, 1868 Endangered | 3× | 129× | 56× | 188× |
Vývoj snovacího aparátu u postembryonálních stádií kribelátních pavouků je nedostatečně popsaná oblast studia araneomorfních pavouků. Předmětem výzkumu byly nejmladších nymfální stádia kribelátních druhů Amaurobius ferox, Nigma flavescens, Nigma walckenaeri, Titanoeca quadriguttata a Zorocrates guerrerensis, jejichž snovací aparát je tvořen 3 páry snovacích bradavek a kribelem, s nímž je spjata přítomnost kalamistra. Byla prokázaná přítomnost až 7 typů žláz, které se podílí na produkci přediva, jehož primární funkce se může během ontogeneze změnit. Kribelum se vyvíjí z hrbolkovitého základu označovaného jako prekribelum, který má vzhled kolulu a je homologický, stejně jako kribelum, s předními středními snovacími bradavkami pavouků infrařádu Mesothelae. Vývoj kribela u nejmladších nymfálních stádií se projevuje zvětšením plochy perforovaných snovacích políček a zvětšením šířky kribela.
While the majority of the Central European landscape would be covered by forests without human influence, rocky areas form isolated, islet-like, natural, non-forest habitats. The surface of some of these non-forested areas is composed of bare bedrock or products of its erosional breakdown (without a soil layer) such as gravel, sand banks, sand dunes, scree slopes and rock outcrop habitats. These habitats harbour specialized spider species that depend on their specific substratum and microclimate (Růžička 2000). Out of these habitats, rock walls (and scree slopes) form one of the most distinct ecological gradients of any terrestrial ecosystem (Larson et al. 1989, Růžička et al. 1995). They provide habitats with extremely warm and cold microclimatic conditions in close proximity. They also belong to habitats almost unknown until now due to the technical and practical problems of sampling.
Sandstones can form extensive systems of rocks, sometimes with a broad spectrum of meso- and microhabitats due to their very dynamic relief. Sandstone rocks are characterised by a marked contrast between forested plateau and bare vertical rock walls (Balatka and Sládek 1984). Upper margins of rocks are dry, vertical rock walls can be sun-exposed, dry and bare, or shady and humid and hence covered by mosses. Spaces with an extremely cold climate can occur in deep gorges. The aim of this study is to evaluate available data on the species composition of spider assemblages in sandstone rocks, including new data about spiders on rock walls in the Bohemian Switzerland (České Švýcarsko) National Park.
Zemní past | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
---|---|---|---|---|
Amaurobius fenestralis (Ström, 1768) | 842 | 130 | 97 | 327 |
Amaurobius ferox (Walckenaer, 1830) | 18 | 8 | 0 | 16 |
Amaurobius jugorum L. Koch, 1868 | 119 | 31 | 7 | 76 |
Neurčeno | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Amaurobius fenestralis (Ström, 1768) | 80 | 36 | 38 | 150 |
Amaurobius ferox (Walckenaer, 1830) | 3 | 19 | 0 | 23 |
Amaurobius jugorum L. Koch, 1868 | 45 | 34 | 2 | 68 |
Individuální sběr | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Amaurobius fenestralis (Ström, 1768) | 63 | 152 | 131 | 149 |
Amaurobius ferox (Walckenaer, 1830) | 22 | 12 | 5 | 29 |
Amaurobius jugorum L. Koch, 1868 | 39 | 45 | 1 | 33 |
Prosev | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Amaurobius fenestralis (Ström, 1768) | 10 | 16 | 19 | 24 |
Amaurobius ferox (Walckenaer, 1830) | 8 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
Amaurobius jugorum L. Koch, 1868 | 9 | 3 | 0 | 5 |
Smyk | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Amaurobius fenestralis (Ström, 1768) | 16 | 8 | 0 | 11 |
Amaurobius ferox (Walckenaer, 1830) | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 |
Amaurobius jugorum L. Koch, 1868 | 3 | 7 | 0 | 6 |
Eklektor | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Amaurobius fenestralis (Ström, 1768) | 9 | 3 | 4 | 7 |
Pozorování | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Amaurobius fenestralis (Ström, 1768) | 1 | 5 | 1 | 3 |
Nárazová past | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Amaurobius fenestralis (Ström, 1768) | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Fotografie | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Amaurobius ferox (Walckenaer, 1830) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Sklepávání | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Amaurobius fenestralis (Ström, 1768) | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Neurčeno | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
---|---|---|---|---|
Amaurobius fenestralis (Ström, 1768) | 65 | 45 | 26 | 154 |
Amaurobius ferox (Walckenaer, 1830) | 5 | 11 | 0 | 23 |
Amaurobius jugorum L. Koch, 1868 | 98 | 55 | 6 | 106 |
Lesy vyšších poloh a strmých svahů | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Amaurobius fenestralis (Ström, 1768) | 215 | 22 | 88 | 76 |
Bučiny nižších poloh | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Amaurobius fenestralis (Ström, 1768) | 263 | 13 | 14 | 62 |
Amaurobius ferox (Walckenaer, 1830) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Amaurobius jugorum L. Koch, 1868 | 10 | 2 | 0 | 3 |
Výsadby jehličnanů | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Amaurobius fenestralis (Ström, 1768) | 130 | 40 | 12 | 54 |
Suťové a roklinové lesy | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Amaurobius fenestralis (Ström, 1768) | 20 | 19 | 2 | 27 |
Amaurobius ferox (Walckenaer, 1830) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Amaurobius jugorum L. Koch, 1868 | 34 | 29 | 0 | 10 |
Lesy | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Amaurobius fenestralis (Ström, 1768) | 17 | 13 | 25 | 35 |
Amaurobius jugorum L. Koch, 1868 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
Kamenité suti nižších poloh | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Amaurobius fenestralis (Ström, 1768) | 52 | 13 | 1 | 32 |
Amaurobius jugorum L. Koch, 1868 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
Stinné skály nižších poloh | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Amaurobius fenestralis (Ström, 1768) | 24 | 10 | 3 | 26 |
Amaurobius ferox (Walckenaer, 1830) | 1 | 2 | 0 | 3 |
Amaurobius jugorum L. Koch, 1868 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 4 |
Horské bučiny | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Amaurobius fenestralis (Ström, 1768) | 29 | 34 | 45 | 31 |
Interiéry budov | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Amaurobius fenestralis (Ström, 1768) | 5 | 6 | 0 | 6 |
Amaurobius ferox (Walckenaer, 1830) | 30 | 15 | 4 | 25 |
Přirozené lesy | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Amaurobius fenestralis (Ström, 1768) | 63 | 17 | 10 | 26 |
Amaurobius jugorum L. Koch, 1868 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Suché doubravy | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Amaurobius fenestralis (Ström, 1768) | 17 | 9 | 4 | 18 |
Amaurobius ferox (Walckenaer, 1830) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Amaurobius jugorum L. Koch, 1868 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 5 |
Lesy | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Amaurobius fenestralis (Ström, 1768) | 4 | 1 | 0 | 14 |
Amaurobius ferox (Walckenaer, 1830) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Amaurobius jugorum L. Koch, 1868 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
Suché louky | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Amaurobius fenestralis (Ström, 1768) | 0 | 3 | 0 | 3 |
Amaurobius jugorum L. Koch, 1868 | 12 | 4 | 1 | 13 |
Kamenolomy | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Amaurobius fenestralis (Ström, 1768) | 5 | 10 | 0 | 6 |
Amaurobius ferox (Walckenaer, 1830) | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
Amaurobius jugorum L. Koch, 1868 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 5 |
Reliktní bory na skalách | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Amaurobius fenestralis (Ström, 1768) | 8 | 3 | 7 | 9 |
Amaurobius jugorum L. Koch, 1868 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
Acidofilní bory | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Amaurobius fenestralis (Ström, 1768) | 4 | 3 | 0 | 7 |
Amaurobius jugorum L. Koch, 1868 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 4 |
Horské smrčiny | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Amaurobius fenestralis (Ström, 1768) | 9 | 12 | 2 | 10 |
Lesní okraje | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Amaurobius fenestralis (Ström, 1768) | 9 | 5 | 5 | 7 |
Amaurobius jugorum L. Koch, 1868 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
Skalní a suťové biotopy | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Amaurobius fenestralis (Ström, 1768) | 29 | 29 | 8 | 9 |
Výsadby listnáčů | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Amaurobius fenestralis (Ström, 1768) | 27 | 4 | 30 | 8 |
Amaurobius ferox (Walckenaer, 1830) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Paseky | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Amaurobius fenestralis (Ström, 1768) | 4 | 9 | 1 | 7 |
Amaurobius jugorum L. Koch, 1868 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
Lesostepní doubravy | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Amaurobius fenestralis (Ström, 1768) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
Amaurobius jugorum L. Koch, 1868 | 8 | 4 | 0 | 6 |
Xerotermní travinobylinná společenstva | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Amaurobius fenestralis (Ström, 1768) | 0 | 3 | 0 | 3 |
Amaurobius jugorum L. Koch, 1868 | 15 | 5 | 0 | 4 |
Dubohabřiny | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Amaurobius fenestralis (Ström, 1768) | 0 | 3 | 1 | 4 |
Amaurobius ferox (Walckenaer, 1830) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Amaurobius jugorum L. Koch, 1868 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Skalní stepi na vápenci | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Amaurobius jugorum L. Koch, 1868 | 6 | 0 | 2 | 6 |
Jeskyně | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Amaurobius fenestralis (Ström, 1768) | 4 | 9 | 0 | 5 |
Skály a sutě v horách | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Amaurobius fenestralis (Ström, 1768) | 10 | 1 | 3 | 5 |
Lužní lesy nížin | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Amaurobius fenestralis (Ström, 1768) | 3 | 0 | 3 | 3 |
Amaurobius jugorum L. Koch, 1868 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
Břehy tekoucích vod | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Amaurobius fenestralis (Ström, 1768) | 4 | 1 | 0 | 4 |
Vnější stěny budov | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Amaurobius fenestralis (Ström, 1768) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Amaurobius ferox (Walckenaer, 1830) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
Suché křoviny | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Amaurobius ferox (Walckenaer, 1830) | 0 | 6 | 0 | 2 |
Amaurobius jugorum L. Koch, 1868 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
Zahradnicky utvářené zahrady a parky | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Amaurobius ferox (Walckenaer, 1830) | 7 | 7 | 0 | 4 |
Porosty borůvek | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Amaurobius jugorum L. Koch, 1868 | 14 | 1 | 0 | 3 |
Rašeliniště | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Amaurobius fenestralis (Ström, 1768) | 2 | 5 | 0 | 3 |
Louky | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Amaurobius fenestralis (Ström, 1768) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
Haldy a výsypky | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Amaurobius ferox (Walckenaer, 1830) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Amaurobius jugorum L. Koch, 1868 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Bylinné porosty břehů | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Amaurobius fenestralis (Ström, 1768) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
Těžebny písku a jiných nezpevněných hornin | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Amaurobius fenestralis (Ström, 1768) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Vlhké lesní lemy | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Amaurobius fenestralis (Ström, 1768) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Vlhké doubravy | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Amaurobius fenestralis (Ström, 1768) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Kosodřevina | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Amaurobius fenestralis (Ström, 1768) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Osluněné skály nižších poloh | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Amaurobius ferox (Walckenaer, 1830) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Močály | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Amaurobius fenestralis (Ström, 1768) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Ruderály | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Amaurobius ferox (Walckenaer, 1830) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Podmáčené smrčiny | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Amaurobius fenestralis (Ström, 1768) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Ostřicové porosty stojatých vod | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Amaurobius fenestralis (Ström, 1768) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Štěrkové břehy řek | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Amaurobius fenestralis (Ström, 1768) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Vřesoviště nižších poloh | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Amaurobius ferox (Walckenaer, 1830) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Ovocné sady s luční vegetací | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Amaurobius fenestralis (Ström, 1768) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Louky | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Amaurobius fenestralis (Ström, 1768) | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 |
Okraje silnic | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Amaurobius ferox (Walckenaer, 1830) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Rákosiny a orobincové porosty stojatých vod | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Amaurobius fenestralis (Ström, 1768) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |