Dysdera hungarica Kulczyński, 1897 [šestiočka uherská]

Kvadráty: 6970 7068 7162 7161 6968 7166 7165 7266

	Nálezy podle období
Dysderidae	0-1900	1901-1950	1951-2000	2001+	∑
Dysdera hungarica Kulczyński, 1897 Není ohrožený			4×	15×	19×

Dysdera hungarica Kulczyński, 1897

České jméno	šestiočka uherská
Stupeň ohrožení	Není ohrožený
Nálezy	19 nálezů, 8 kvadrátů
První nález	1996, M. Matuška, Bryja, Svatoň et al. 2005
Poslední nález	2023 , Eduard Ezer
Areál rozšíření	European - ME (Gr., Az.) [Pan.]
Fytogeografická oblast	Thermo (Preference: Vysoká) Západní část českého Termofytika a celé moravské Termofytikum. Oblast extrazonální teplomilné vegetace a květeny v rámci temperátního pásma, kde převládají nelesní společenstva.
Původnost stanovišť	climax (Preference: Vysoká) Klimaxová stanoviště, která jsou minimálně narušena činností člověka: původní horská stanoviště, původní a přirozené lesy, mokřady, rašeliniště, skalní stepi a lesostepi, váté písky, kamenité sutě, skály apod.
Vlhkost stanovišť	dry Suchá. Vřesoviště, suchá pole, skalní lesostepi, bory, jižně exponované okraje lesů. very dry Velmi suchá. Písčiny, skalní stepi, osluněné povrchy skal a kamenitých sutí.
Stratum	Ground layer (Preference: Vysoká) Půdní povrch. Půdní povrch, prostory pod kameny, prostory v detritu a mechu.
Osvětlení stanovišť	open Většinou bez vegetace či s nízkou vegetací, kde osvětlení zasahuje až k půdnímu povrchu: holé skály a sutě, štěrkové lavice, stěny budov, písčiny, skalní stepi, kosené louky, pole, vřesoviště, stanoviště nad horní hranicí lesa, rašeliniště.
Hojnost výskytu	very rare Velmi vzácný. Druh vyskytující se na velmi malém počtu mapových polí. Výskyt je obvykle vázán na jediné pohoří či na unikátní stanoviště. I počet získaných jedinců je většinou velmi malý.
Nadm. výška	200-400

Literatura

Pavouci a sekáči (Arachnida: Araneae, Opiliones) Klánovického lesa a jeho okolí v Praze.

The studied locality, i.e. Klánovický les Forest is situated on the edge of Prague, one of the most polluted areas in the Czech Republic. Thanks to large area the forest acts as an isolation from agrochemicals, thus allowing the existence of some habitats sensitive to eutrophisation, in particular peat-bogs, heaths, bare sandy soils, and Molinia meadows. The habitats harbour unusually high species diversity of spiders and harvestmen: the author recorded 286 spider and 11 harvestman species there, which is approximately one third of the Czech fauna. Sixty one of them are red-listed in the Czech Republic. Peat-bog linyphiid Saaristoa abnormis, and steppe lycosid Alopecosa schmidti and linyphiid Panamomops inconspicuus are listed as endangered. Local small peat-bogs offer suitable conditions for disappearing lycosids Hygrolycosa rubrofasciata, Pirata piscatorius and Piratula uliginosa, while heaths harbour the disappearing Oxyopes ramosus. Water spider Argyroneta aquatica has recently been found in small pools in ditches along the railway. Littoral vegetation is inhabited by Theridiosoma gemmosum and the jumping spider Calositticus floricola. Disturbed soil surface of wet meadows harbours the wolf spider Arctosa leopardus. Some species have recently appeared at the site, for example Dysdera hungarica, the harvestman Nemastoma bidentatum sparsum or the crab spider Synema globosum. The first two were probably introduced there by man, the latter probably expands due to climate change. The author suggests to keep these habitats without woody vegetation to protect local high species diversity there.

The spider genus Dysdera (Araneae, Dysderidae) in central Europe: revision and natural history

Nine species of the genus Dysdera were found to occur in central Europe: D. adriatica Kulczyński 1897, Dysdera crocata Koch 1838, D. dubrovninnii Deeleman-Reinhold 1988, Dysdera erythrina (Walckenaer 1802), Dysdera ninnii Canestrini 1868, Dysdera hungarica Kulczyński 1897, D. lantosquensis Simon 1882, D. longirostris Doblika 1853, and D. taurica Charitonov 1956. Two species, D. dubrovninnii and D. lantosquensis, are newly recorded from central Europe. The original description of D. hombergi (Scopoli 1763), the name used for a common species of the genus Harpactea, probably refers to Dysdera ninnii. We retain the name Dysdera ninnii as a nomen protectum. Dysdera hamulata Kulczyński 1897 appears to be a junior synonym of D. maurusia Thorell 1873. This North African species probably does not occur in central Europe, and a previous record from Slovakia is probably based on mislabeled material. A review of all species of Dysdera named from outside the Palearctic region demonstrated that D. australiensis Rainbow 1900 and D. magna Keyserling 1877 are junior synonyms of Dysdera crocata, and that D. bicolor Tatzanovski 1874 and D. solers Walckenaer 1837 are erroneously placed in the genus Dysdera; the former is likely to be an oonopid and the latter a caponiid. In central Europe, Dysdera spiders prefer xerothermic forests, particularly sites enriched by calcium. All species probably have biennal life-cycles. The karyotype of males of seven species were examined, and diploid chromosome numbers were found to be extraordinarily variable, ranging from 9 (Dysdera crocata) to 40 (D. longirostris). Karyotypes consist of holocentric chromosomes.

Evidence for woodlice-specialization in Dysdera spiders: behavioural versus developmental approaches.

The dietary specialization in a woodlouse-eating spider Dysdera hungarica Kulczyñski (Araneae: Dysderidae) is studied using two types of laboratory experiments. In the first experiment, the rate of development of spiderlings reared on one of three diets: pure woodlice [composed of two species Oniscus asellus Linnaeus and Armadillidium vulgare (Latreille)], pure flies (Drosophila melanogaster Meigen), and a mixed woodlouse-fly diet, is studied. Spiders develop significantly faster on the woodlice-containing diets (i.e. pure woodlice and mixed diet) than on the fly diet. In the second experiment, the prey-choice for two woodlice species (O. asellus and A. vulgare) and a fly (D. melanogaster) is investigated. Dysdera hungarica spiders capture significantly more often flies than woodlice. These contrasting results reveal the different value of developmental and behavioural experiments. The dietary studies are assumed to provide better evidence of specialization than behavioural experiments, which might be misleading due to unnatural conditions. It is concluded that Dysdera hungarica is a metabolically adapted woodlice specialist. The present study thus provides the first evidence of nutritional specialization on woodlice.

Dysdera hungarica Kulczyński, 1897 (Araneae, Dysderidae), an interesting new species for the arachnofauna of the Czech Republic.

Fotografie

Statistiky

Dle měsíce v roce

Dle nadmořské výšky

Dle metody sběru (19 použitých nálezů)

Dysdera hungarica Kulczyński, 1897 ES	Samci	Samice	Mláďata	Nálezy
Podzemní trubkové pasti	0	14	0	1
Zemní past	0	14	0	7
Individuální sběr	0	4	0	4
Neurčeno	0	4	0	7
	Samci	Samice	Mláďata	Nálezy

Dle biotopu (18 použitých nálezů)

Dysdera hungarica Kulczyński, 1897 ES	Samci	Samice	Mláďata	Nálezy
Suché louky	0	14	0	1
Polní biotopy	0	1	0	1
Obhospodařované pozemky	0	1	0	1
Neurčeno	0	9	0	10
Travnaté stepi	0	1	0	1
Těžebny písku a jiných nezpevněných hornin	0	4	0	1
Lesostepní doubravy	0	1	0	1
Skalní stepi na vápenci	0	1	0	1
Slaniska	0	3	0	1
	Samci	Samice	Mláďata	Nálezy