Arthropod fauna recorded in flowers of apomictic Taraxacum section Ruderalia.

Rok

2016

Autoři

RNDr. Jiří Skuhrovec, Ph.D.
Josef Bezděk
prof. Mgr. Stanislav Pekár, Ph.D.
prof. Mgr. Stano Pekár, Ph.D.

Obsah

Flowers of dicotyledonous plants host communities of arthropod species. We studied the community associated with dandelion (Taraxacum section Ruderalia), a complex of apomictic micro-species abundant in central Europe. Identifi cation of microspecies in the fi eld was impracticable. These plants produce an abundance of fl owers that host arthropod communities that are not yet fully documented. We investigated species occurrence, its diurnal and seasonal variation and some of the factors that determine the abundance of the dominant species. Insect and spiders were collected from 2010 to 2012 at a locality in Prague. Whole capitula were harvested at weekly intervals and resident arthropods were identifi ed. Diurnal variation in insect presence and the effect of pollen and microclimate on some of the species were also examined. The insect community (>
200 species) consisted mainly of species of Hymenoptera (86 spp.), Coleoptera (56 spp.), Diptera (46 spp.) and Heteroptera (23 spp.). The most abundant were Thysanoptera (2 spp.). Pollen eaters/collectors and nectar feeders dominated over predators and occasional visitors. From April to mid-August, the insect community was dominated by Coleoptera, and later by Diptera and Hymenoptera. Except for Meligethes spp. and species breeding in the capitula, the insects occupied fl owers during the daytime when the fl owers were open (10–12 h in spring and only 2–4 h in late summer). The presence of Meligethes spp. in particular fl owers was associated with the presence of pollen
the occurrence of Byturus ochraceus with pollen and fl ower temperature. Although pollination is not necessary, dandelion plants produce both nectar and pollen. The community of arthropods that visit dandelion fl owers is rich despite their being ephemeral. The composition of local faunas of fl ower visitors, presence of fl oral rewards and fl ower microclimate are important factors determining the composition of the fl ower community.

Citace

Honěk A., Martinková Z., Skuhrovec J., Barták M., Bezděk J., Bogush P., Hadrava J., Hájek J., Janšta P., Jelínek J., Kirschner J., Kubáň V., Pekár S., Průdek P., Štys P. & Šumpich J. (2016): Arthropod fauna recorded in flowers of apomictic Taraxacum section Ruderalia. Eur. J. Entomol. 113: 173–183. DOI: 10.14411/eje.2016.021.