Records by time  
Atypidae 0-19001901-19501951-20002001+
Atypus piceus (Sulzer, 1776) Endangered 93× 40× 138×

Atypus piceus (Sulzer, 1776)

Czech namesklípkánek černý
Threat levelEndangered
Records138 nálezů, 39 kvadrátů
First record 1934, J. Baum, Baum 1938b
Last record 2021 , Ondřej Machač
Distribution areaEuropean - eM
Phytogeographic area
Meso (Preference: Vysoká)
Mezofytikum. Oblast zonální vegetace a květeny temperátního pásma, tedy oblast opadavých listnatých lesů. Značnou část této oblasti zaujímají dnes pole a louky. Sem je přiřazena i východní část českého Termofytika.
Thermo (Preference: Nízká)
Západní část českého Termofytika a celé moravské Termofytikum. Oblast extrazonální teplomilné vegetace a květeny v rámci temperátního pásma, kde převládají nelesní společenstva.
Původnost stanovišť
climax (Preference: Vysoká)
Klimaxová stanoviště, která jsou minimálně narušena činností člověka: původní horská stanoviště, původní a přirozené lesy, mokřady, rašeliniště, skalní stepi a lesostepi, váté písky, kamenité sutě, skály apod.
Humidity
dry
Suchá. Vřesoviště, suchá pole, skalní lesostepi, bory, jižně exponované okraje lesů.
very dry
Velmi suchá. Písčiny, skalní stepi, osluněné povrchy skal a kamenitých sutí.
Stratum
Ground layer (Preference: Vysoká)
Půdní povrch. Půdní povrch, prostory pod kameny, prostory v detritu a mechu.
Osvětlení stanovišť
open
Většinou bez vegetace či s nízkou vegetací, kde osvětlení zasahuje až k půdnímu povrchu: holé skály a sutě, štěrkové lavice, stěny budov, písčiny, skalní stepi, kosené louky, pole, vřesoviště, stanoviště nad horní hranicí lesa, rašeliniště.
partly shaded
Společenstva s roztroušenými keři a stromy: skalní lesostepi, lesní okraje, křoviny, kosodřevina, světlé bory.
Hojnost výskytu
scarce
Středně hojný. Středně hojně se vyskytují například některé horské druhy, které jsou s to obsadit i vhodná stanoviště (inverzní údolí či rašeliniště) v nižších nadmořských výškách nebo teplomilné druhy, které svým rozšířením přesahují hranice západní části českého či hranice moravského Termofytika.
Altitude150-600

Bibliography

 © Oto Zimmermann
Data on the spider fauna from the forest ecosystems of the Děvín National Nature Reserve (South Moravia, Czech Republic) are presented. The research was carried out on 15 randomly chosen research plots in oak-hornbeam forest stands within different management regimes. Spider sampling was done by pitfall trapping from May to October 2016. Overall, 3683 adult spiders belonging to 22 families, 70 genera and 116 species were collected. The families Linyphiidae, Lycosidae, Gnaphosidae and Thomisidae exhibited high species richness. The most abundant species were Pardosa lugubris (Walckenaer, 1802) and Trochosa terricola Thorell, 1856. Faunistically remarkable species were Atypus piceus (Sulzer, 1776), Drassyllus villicus (Thorell, 1875), Gnaphosa montana (L. Koch, 1866), Panamomops affinis Miller & Kratochvíl, 1939 and Walckenaeria monoceros (Wider, 1834). The record of Gnaphosa montana is one of the first accounts of this psychrophilic spider from European lowlands. Of the identified species, 23 are listed in the Red List of Threatened Species in the Czech Republic (EN – 1 species, VU – 12 species, LC – 10 species).

 © Oto Zimmermann

Habitat selection in sedentary, long-lived burrowing spiders is a key life-history event that directly affects their reproductive success. In this study, we analyzed the role of the chemical and physical properties of soil in habitat selection by threatened temperate burrowing spiders. We examined 296 burrows of three Atypus spp. and three Eresus spp. at 68 sites in Czechia. We found that the study species were associated with soils that have high or very high cation exchange capacity, which allows the presence of a stable nd humid microclimate in their burrows. We found that specific bedrock types can be used as predictors of the presence of particular study species. All Eresus spp. avoided compacted soils. However, when present in soils with very low penetration resistance, they were limited to sites with high soil cohesion. The burrows of all study species were located at well-drained sites. The study species seemed to be selective for a steppe-like character of their microhabitat but not necessarily for its southward orientation. We found the study species even at sites where steppes were present in the early 1950s and that underwent later afforestation but not extensive landscaping or plowing. What types of disturbances can be sustained by the study species and how long it takes the decreased populations to recover after, e.g., trampling associated with grazing, remain to be investigated.



The arachnological research was carried out in the year 2010 on the southern slopes and forest steppe of the Chlum Nature Park near the Sýcina village. The spiders were
collected mainly into pitfall traps. Three diferent types of habitats were selected. The first was a meadow, the second was site already overgrown by shrubs and the third was oak
forest. In the period from April to November in the year 2010, a total of 916 specimens of spiders were collected. They belong to 72 species in 20 families. The effect of changes in
habitat structure on the structure of spider communities was compared. The research confirmed the significance and high natural value of this locality. It is apparent that the
change of the structure of habitat has influence on the structure of spider communities.


 © Oto Zimmermann

Aim Three species of primitive spiders of the genus Atypus occur in European xerothermic habitats, where they live in burrows. The aim of this study is to explain their distribution by investigating environmental variables at sites where they occur in central Europe.

Location Over 50 sites in central Europe, Czech Republic.

Methods Data on climatic, edaphic and vegetational parameters were collected from more than 50 sites. Phytocenological data were processed using Ellenberg’s indicator values.

Results Atypus muralis was found to occur almost exclusively in dry grassland (Festucion valesiacae), exposed to a continental microclimate. Atypus affinis usually occurred in dry sparse forests (Genisto germanicae–Quercion) that provide an Atlantic microclimate. Atypus piceus occurred in dry grassland (Bromion erecti) or forest fringes (Geranion sanguinei) characterized by an intermediate microclimate. Atypus piceus and Atypus muralis were restricted to agglutinate calcareous soils.

Main conclusions Our results show that Atypus species colonized sites with different continentality in central Europe. These differences correspond to differences among their probable glacial refugia. Atypus muralis and Atypus piceus occur in habitats with a markedly continental climate, and are restricted to calcareous agglutinate soils that more efficiently buffer temperature and humidity extremes. Habitats of Atypus muralis and Atypus piceus are threatened by overgrowth of vegetation after a recent decline in grazing and by the decalcification of the landscape. However, habitats of Atypus affinis are stable in the present central European climate.



 © Oto Zimmermann

Compared with araneomorph spiders, karyotypes of the spider infraorder Mygalomorphae are nearly unknown. In this study we investigated karyotypes of European species of the genus Atypus (Atypidae). The male karyotype of Atypus muralis and Atypus piceus comprises 41 chromosomes, whereas female complements contain 42 chromosomes. On the other hand, both sexes of Atypus affinis possess 14 chromosomes only. It is the lowest diploid number found in mygalomorph spiders so far. Furthermore, obtained data suggest X0 sex chromosome system in Atypus piceus, Atypus muralis and neo-XY system in Atypus affinis. Karyotypes of all three Atypus species are composed of biarmed chromosomes only. Thus they differ significantly from the karyotype of A. karschi , the only other species of this genus studied so far. Its karyotype was reported to be composed of acrocentric chromosomes and possesses X1X20 sex chromosome system. All this shows that unlike in most genera of araneomorph spiders, mygalomorphs of the genus Atypus exhibit unusual diversity in the number, morphology of chromosomes, and the sex chromosome system. Considering high number of chromosomes being plesiomorphic character in spiders, then karyotypes of Atypus muralis and Atypus piceus represent ancestral situation and that of Atypus affinis being derived by multiple fusions. Karyotype differences in Atypus correspond with morphological differences, namely the number of segments of the posterior lateral spinnerets. Thus in contrast to published hypothesis, the 3-segmented posterior lateral spinnerets of Atypus affinis should present a derived state.



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Statistics

By month


By altitude


By collecting method (138 used records)
Atypus piceus (Sulzer, 1776) VUMalesFemalesJuvenilesRecords
Zemní past944333
Individuální sběr2126539
Neurčeno89158
Smyk0002
Prosev5226
 MalesFemalesJuvenilesRecords

By biotope (138 used records)
Atypus piceus (Sulzer, 1776) VUMalesFemalesJuvenilesRecords
Suché louky3224
Dubohabřiny1001
Suché doubravy13005
Neurčeno1720890
Lesostepní doubravy575116
Suťové a roklinové lesy0202
Suché lesní lemy8204
Reliktní bory na skalách1001
Pastviny0202
Lesní okraje1103
Přirozené lesy1001
Xerotermní travinobylinná společenstva0602
Výsadby jehličnanů6003
Skalní stepi na vápenci18103
Acidofilní bory2001
 MalesFemalesJuvenilesRecords