Kvadráty: 7069 5759 7162 6947 6161 7067 7065 5648 5260 7161 5259 5158 5156 6972 5958 6669 5755 5861 6847 7148 7049 6162 5450 6050 5548 5852 7060 6967 6368 6369 7151 5446 7261 6968 6468 6478 6569 5357 5457 6575 7266 6472 5942 5949 5860 6054 5948 5462 6051 5951 6673 6757 7165 5352 5857 5553 6963 6964 5653 5452 5151 5641 7262 6854 5952 5456 6773 6053 5957 5753 6172 5953 5250 6755 5754 5150 6347 6247 5358 5954 5555 6052 7367 5770 6355 7073 7071 6272 6863 6759 6252 6152 6573 5668 5669 5849 6568 6048 5863 5647 5350 6175 5862 5449 7154 6955 7166 5848 6765
| Records by time | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Theridiidae | 0-1900 | 1901-1950 | 1951-2000 | 2001+ | ∑ |
 Episinus angulatus
(Blackwall, 1836) Not endangered |
77× | 69× | 146× | ||
 Episinus maculipes
Cavanna, 1876 |
1× | 1× | |||
 Episinus truncatus
Latreille, 1809 Almost threatened |
3× | 5× | 83× | 46× | 137× |
Bibliography
Spiders on sandstone rocks in Central Europe with particular reference to the Bohemian Switzerland National Park.
While the majority of the Central European landscape would be covered by forests without human influence, rocky areas form isolated, islet-like, natural, non-forest habitats. The surface of some of these non-forested areas is composed of bare bedrock or products of its erosional breakdown (without a soil layer) such as gravel, sand banks, sand dunes, scree slopes and rock outcrop habitats. These habitats harbour specialized spider species that depend on their specific substratum and microclimate (Růžička 2000). Out of these habitats, rock walls (and scree slopes) form one of the most distinct ecological gradients of any terrestrial ecosystem (Larson et al. 1989, Růžička et al. 1995). They provide habitats with extremely warm and cold microclimatic conditions in close proximity. They also belong to habitats almost unknown until now due to the technical and practical problems of sampling.
Sandstones can form extensive systems of rocks, sometimes with a broad spectrum of meso- and microhabitats due to their very dynamic relief. Sandstone rocks are characterised by a marked contrast between forested plateau and bare vertical rock walls (Balatka and Sládek 1984). Upper margins of rocks are dry, vertical rock walls can be sun-exposed, dry and bare, or shady and humid and hence covered by mosses. Spaces with an extremely cold climate can occur in deep gorges. The aim of this study is to evaluate available data on the species composition of spider assemblages in sandstone rocks, including new data about spiders on rock walls in the Bohemian Switzerland (České Švýcarsko) National Park.
Gallery
Episinus angulatus
Episinus truncatus
Statistics
By month
By altitude
By collecting method (284 used records)
| Neurčeno | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Episinus angulatus (Blackwall, 1836) | 11 | 4 | 1 | 37 |
| Episinus truncatus Latreille, 1809 | 30 | 43 | 2 | 56 |
| Zemní past | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
| Episinus angulatus (Blackwall, 1836) | 11 | 11 | 5 | 25 |
| Episinus maculipes Cavanna, 1876 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Episinus truncatus Latreille, 1809 | 57 | 52 | 1 | 52 |
| Individuální sběr | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
| Episinus angulatus (Blackwall, 1836) | 10 | 18 | 8 | 35 |
| Episinus truncatus Latreille, 1809 | 12 | 13 | 5 | 23 |
| Prosev | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
| Episinus angulatus (Blackwall, 1836) | 6 | 5 | 16 | 22 |
| Episinus truncatus Latreille, 1809 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Smyk | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
| Episinus angulatus (Blackwall, 1836) | 4 | 4 | 2 | 10 |
| Episinus truncatus Latreille, 1809 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| Eklektor | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
| Episinus angulatus (Blackwall, 1836) | 3 | 5 | 3 | 11 |
| Vysavač | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
| Episinus angulatus (Blackwall, 1836) | 1 | 4 | 0 | 3 |
| Sklepávání | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
| Episinus angulatus (Blackwall, 1836) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| Žlutá miska | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
| Episinus angulatus (Blackwall, 1836) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
By biotope (284 used records)
| Neurčeno | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Episinus angulatus (Blackwall, 1836) | 17 | 16 | 6 | 59 |
| Episinus maculipes Cavanna, 1876 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Episinus truncatus Latreille, 1809 | 39 | 26 | 5 | 76 |
| Suché louky | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
| Episinus angulatus (Blackwall, 1836) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 5 |
| Episinus truncatus Latreille, 1809 | 38 | 63 | 2 | 20 |
| Lesy | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
| Episinus angulatus (Blackwall, 1836) | 3 | 2 | 3 | 8 |
| Episinus truncatus Latreille, 1809 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 5 |
| Výsadby jehličnanů | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
| Episinus angulatus (Blackwall, 1836) | 1 | 3 | 2 | 6 |
| Lužní lesy nížin | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
| Episinus angulatus (Blackwall, 1836) | 1 | 4 | 1 | 6 |
| Mokré louky | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
| Episinus angulatus (Blackwall, 1836) | 0 | 1 | 6 | 5 |
| Lesostepní doubravy | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
| Episinus truncatus Latreille, 1809 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 5 |
| Stinné skály nižších poloh | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
| Episinus angulatus (Blackwall, 1836) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Episinus truncatus Latreille, 1809 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 4 |
| Xerotermní travinobylinná společenstva | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
| Episinus angulatus (Blackwall, 1836) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Episinus truncatus Latreille, 1809 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 4 |
| Suťové a roklinové lesy | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
| Episinus angulatus (Blackwall, 1836) | 0 | 1 | 3 | 3 |
| Episinus truncatus Latreille, 1809 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Vřesoviště nižších poloh | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
| Episinus angulatus (Blackwall, 1836) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Episinus truncatus Latreille, 1809 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Kamenité suti nižších poloh | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
| Episinus angulatus (Blackwall, 1836) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Episinus truncatus Latreille, 1809 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 |
| Louky a pastviny | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
| Episinus angulatus (Blackwall, 1836) | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Episinus truncatus Latreille, 1809 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Reliktní bory na skalách | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
| Episinus angulatus (Blackwall, 1836) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Episinus truncatus Latreille, 1809 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Rašeliniště | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
| Episinus angulatus (Blackwall, 1836) | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Episinus truncatus Latreille, 1809 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Porosty borůvek | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
| Episinus truncatus Latreille, 1809 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 |
| Suché doubravy | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
| Episinus angulatus (Blackwall, 1836) | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Episinus truncatus Latreille, 1809 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Skalní stepi na vápenci | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
| Episinus truncatus Latreille, 1809 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| Mezofilní louky | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
| Episinus angulatus (Blackwall, 1836) | 0 | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| Vrbové křoviny - vlhké (vrbové) křoviny | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
| Episinus angulatus (Blackwall, 1836) | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| Rákosiny a orobincové porosty stojatých vod | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
| Episinus angulatus (Blackwall, 1836) | 2 | 0 | 2 | 3 |
| Močály | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
| Episinus angulatus (Blackwall, 1836) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| Suché křoviny | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
| Episinus angulatus (Blackwall, 1836) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Episinus truncatus Latreille, 1809 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Acidofilní bory | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
| Episinus angulatus (Blackwall, 1836) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| Horské smrčiny | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
| Episinus angulatus (Blackwall, 1836) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| Louky | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
| Episinus angulatus (Blackwall, 1836) | 2 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| Nehluboké podzemní prostory (pukliny, půdní horizonty) | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
| Episinus angulatus (Blackwall, 1836) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Episinus truncatus Latreille, 1809 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Suché lesní lemy | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
| Episinus angulatus (Blackwall, 1836) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Episinus truncatus Latreille, 1809 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Lesní okraje | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
| Episinus angulatus (Blackwall, 1836) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Episinus truncatus Latreille, 1809 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Bučiny nižších poloh | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
| Episinus angulatus (Blackwall, 1836) | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| Luční ostřicové mokřady | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
| Episinus angulatus (Blackwall, 1836) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| Haldy a výsypky | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
| Episinus angulatus (Blackwall, 1836) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Travnaté stepi | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
| Episinus angulatus (Blackwall, 1836) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Stojaté a pomalu tekoucí vody | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
| Episinus angulatus (Blackwall, 1836) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Mokřadní olšiny | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
| Episinus angulatus (Blackwall, 1836) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Pastviny | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
| Episinus truncatus Latreille, 1809 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Štěrkové břehy řek | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
| Episinus angulatus (Blackwall, 1836) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Kamenolomy | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
| Episinus angulatus (Blackwall, 1836) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Těžebny písku a jiných nezpevněných hornin | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
| Episinus angulatus (Blackwall, 1836) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Nízké xerofilní křoviny | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
| Episinus truncatus Latreille, 1809 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Výsadby listnáčů | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
| Episinus angulatus (Blackwall, 1836) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Zahradnicky utvářené zahrady a parky | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
| Episinus angulatus (Blackwall, 1836) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Horské biotopy | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
| Episinus angulatus (Blackwall, 1836) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Písčité břehy | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
| Episinus angulatus (Blackwall, 1836) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Ruderály | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
| Episinus angulatus (Blackwall, 1836) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Vlhké doubravy | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
| Episinus angulatus (Blackwall, 1836) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Písčiny | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
| Episinus angulatus (Blackwall, 1836) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Bylinné porosty břehů | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
| Episinus angulatus (Blackwall, 1836) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Ovocné sady a vinohrady | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
| Episinus truncatus Latreille, 1809 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 1 |
| Dubohabřiny | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
| Episinus angulatus (Blackwall, 1836) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Online atlas
Society
Spiders
Pavouci České republiky
