Bibliografie
2021
 © Oto Zimmermann
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RNDr. František Šťáhlavský, Ph.D., doc. RNDr. Jiří Král, Dr., Mgr. Martin Forman, Mgr. Matyáš Hiřman, Mgr. Pavel Just
Abstrakt

Background: Despite progress in genomic analysis of spiders, their chromosome evolution is not satisfactorily understood. Most information on spider chromosomes concerns the most diversified clade, entelegyne araneomorphs. Other clades are far less studied. Our study focused on haplogyne araneomorphs, which are remarkable for their unusual sex chromosome systems and for the co-evolution of sex chromosomes and nucleolus organizer regions (NORs); some haplogynes exhibit holokinetic chromosomes. To trace the karyotype evolution of haplogynes on the family level, we analysed the number and morphology of chromosomes, sex chromosomes, NORs, and meiosis in pholcids, which are among the most diverse haplogyne families. The evolution of spider NORs is largely unknown.

Results: Our study is based on an extensive set of species representing all major pholcid clades. Pholcids exhibit a low 2n and predominance of biarmed chromosomes, which are typical haplogyne features. Sex chromosomes and NOR patterns of pholcids are diversified. We revealed six sex chromosome systems in pholcids (X0, XY, X ­ 1 X 2 0, ­X 1 X 2 X 3 0, X 1 X 2 Y, and ­X 1 X 2 X 3 X 4 Y). The number of NOR loci ranges from one to nine. In some clades, NORs are also found on sex chromosomes.

Conclusions: The evolution of cytogenetic characters was largely derived from character mapping on a recently published molecular phylogeny of the family. Based on an extensive set of species and mapping of their characters, numerous conclusions regarding the karyotype evolution of pholcids and spiders can be drawn. Our results suggest frequent autosome–autosome and autosome–sex chromosome rearrangements during pholcid evolution. Such events have previously been attributed to the reproductive isolation of species. The peculiar X ­ 1 X 2 Y system is probably ancestral for haplogynes. Chromosomes of the ­X 1 X 2 Y system differ considerably in their pattern of evolution. In some pholcid clades, the ­X 1 X 2 Y system has transformed into the ­X 1 X 2 0 or XY systems, and subsequently into the X0 system. The ­X 1 X 2 X 3 0 system of Smeringopus pallidus probably arose from the ­X 1 X 2 0 system by an X chromosome fission. The ­X 1 X 2 X 3 X 4 Y system of Kambiwa probably evolved from the ­X 1 X 2 Y system by integration of a chromosome pair.


2021
 © Oto Zimmermann
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RNDr. František Šťáhlavský, Ph.D., doc. RNDr. Jiří Král, Dr., Mgr. Martin Forman, Mgr. Matyáš Hiřman, Mgr. Pavel Just
Abstrakt

Following the publication of the original article, the authors notified us that Figure 16 contained a few incorrect question marks. These have been removed.

The original article has been corrected.


2021
 © Oto Zimmermann
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RNDr. František Šťáhlavský, Ph.D., Mgr. Matyáš Hiřman
Abstrakt
The suborder Cyphophthalmi (Arachnida: Opiliones) is the sister group to all remaining harvestmen. The group typically shows limited dispersal abilities, cryptic diversity and long-isolated populations. These facts make the group interesting for biogeographic, phylogenetic and cytogenetic studies. The suborder is divided into six families, all of them with a specific and long evolutionary history. However, many species are still undescribed, and their cytogenetic data are only fragmentary. This fact complicates the reconstruction of the main mechanisms of karyotype evolution in this harvestmen suborder, and utilization of the cytogenetic markers in the taxonomy of this morphologically uniform group of arachnids. Here, we present a cytogenetic study of one species of Miopsalis Thorell, 1890, of the family Stylocellidae from Mindanao (Philippines). Its karyotype consisted of mainly biarmed chromosomes (2n ¼ 28). Interestingly, we found a multiplication of 18S rRNA gene clusters in up to seven pairs, which is one of the highest numbers in known harvestmen.
These results support the likely presence of distinctive karyotype variability in an additional cyphophthalmid family, Stylocellidae (2n ¼ 28–30).

2021
 © Oto Zimmermann
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RNDr. František Šťáhlavský, Ph.D., Mgr. Matyáš Hiřman
Abstrakt
In the Acknowledgements, financial support for the project should be as follows: ‘‘The present study was supported by grants received from the Ministry of Education, Youth, and Sports of the Czech Republic no. SVV 260 434/2019. We also acknowledge the grant support provided by Grant Agency of Charles University in Prague (GAUK) no. 582119’’ and not GAUK 908216 as was stated in the article.

2018
 © Oto Zimmermann
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RNDr. František Šťáhlavský, Ph.D., Mgr. Matyáš Hiřman
Abstrakt

The harvestman family Neogoveidae (suborder Cyphophthalmi) is distributed across Neotropics, south-eastern USA and Western and Central Africa. Nevertheless, the core of its known diversity lies in Americas. The sole genus known from Africa is Parogovia, with only three species described so far. Here we describe a new species, Parogovia parasironoides sp. nov. from Cameroon, which is morphologically close to P. sironoides. In addition to the analyses of external morphology, spermatopositor and ovipositor, we also described the karyotype (2n=32), a course of the male mitosis and meiosis, and the distribution of major ribosomal RNA genes using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with 18S rDNA probe. In the karyotype, the one-armed chromosomes predominated and we detected one pair of the 18S rDNA cluster close to centromere region on long arms of subtelocentric chromosomes. Our study represents the first cytogenetic data in infraorder Sternophthalmi and plays an important role in the reconstruction of the karyotype evolution of Cyphophthalmi.


2014
 © Oto Zimmermann
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Mgr. Antonín Roušar, Mgr. Hana Svojanovská, prof. RNDr. Jan Buchar, DrSc., Mgr. Jan Dolanský, Jan Erhart, Ing. Bc. Jana Niedobová, Ph.D., Mgr. Matyáš Hiřman, Mgr. Ondřej Machač, Ph.D., RNDr. Petr Dolejš, Ph.D., Radek Šich, Ing. Vladimír Hula, Ph.D., RNDr. Vlastimil Růžička, CSc.
Abstrakt
Pavouci České republiky; Kamenožrout zelený; Hahnia microphthalma; Palliduphantes ericaeus (Blackwall, 1853) (Araneae:Linyphiidae) - nový druh pro Českou republiku; Holocnemus pluchei (Scopoli, 1763) a Uloborus plumipes (Lucas, 1846) v Brně; Beskydské tajemství – Ischyropsalis manicata; Méně známé druhy pavouků – Cozyptila blackwalli; Determinace samců Argenna patula a Argenna subnigra; Nález vzácné snovačky Theridion boesenbergi Strand, 1904 na okraji PP Plziny u Bechyně; Nález sklípkánka v bučině; Manuál k nálezové databázi České arachnologické společnosti; Sezónní adaptabilita?; Preparace, mikroskopování a fotografování drobných objektů; Zoodny Ostrava 2014; Arachnologická exkurze – Lednicko 2014; Druhá arachnologická exkurze – Beskydy 2014; K významnému životnímu jubileu Jaromíra Hajera; Česká bibliografie; Inventarizace 2013; Britská bibliografie – The Newsletter 128 a 129; Zajímaví pavouci Peru v obrazech

2014
 © Ondřej Machač
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Mgr. Jan Dolanský, Jan Erhart, Mgr. Matyáš Hiřman, RNDr. Petr Dolejš, Ph.D., Rudolf Macek, RNDr. Vlastimil Růžička, CSc.
Abstrakt
Pavouci České republiky; Snovačka popelavá Theridion cinereum Thorell, 1875 – nový druh pro Česko i Slovensko; Punčoškář horský Coelotes atropos a punčoškář zemní Coelotes terrestris; Kamenožrout zelený II; Nález pakřižáka Uloborus plumipes v Botanické zahradě v Praze 2; Druhý nález plachetnatky teplomilné Linyphia tenuipalpis v ČR; Alarmující invaze klepe na dveře – Leiobunum sp.; Pracovní skupina pro ukládání údajů o pavoucích České republiky; Příživníci; 28. Evropský arachnologický kongres – Turín; Genetická konference GSGM 2014; 113. seminář České arachnologické společnosti; Kolegové, kteří letos ukončili studium; Noví členové ČASu; Česká bibliografie; Britská bibliografie; Nové knihy